Showing posts with label boost. Show all posts
Showing posts with label boost. Show all posts

Saturday, July 9, 2011

Farmers look to poo to boost revenue

5 July 2011 Last updated at 23:00 GMT By Richard Anderson Business reporter, BBC News Pigs The farm's 4,000 pigs are contributing to the upkeep of the pens they live in What to do with 12,000 tonnes of pig poo?

That's the question farmers James Hart and Jeremy Iles found themselves asking two years ago when contemplating how best to supplement their dwindling incomes.

Thanks to the buying power of the major supermarkets, pig farming is no longer as profitable as it once was, and Mr Hart in particular was looking at ways to make the most of the resources at his disposal.

The solution they came up with was beautifully simple; turn the huge amount of pig faeces generated on the farm - not to mention cow dung and chicken droppings - into hard cash.

The mechanism for doing so is, in essence, remarkably straightforward and could secure the future of the farm and the livelihoods of the 10 families which depend upon it.

Slow uptake

Glebe Farm near the sleepy village of Hatherop in Gloucestershire is an unlikely place to stumble across a state-of-the-art, million pound biogas station of which there are just a handful in the UK.

Glebe farm biogas station The plant can run 24-hours a day and output can be tailored to demand

The plant itself is wholly unremarkable to look at, but what goes on inside could help to revolutionise not just this farm, but hundreds of others just like it across the country.

In fact, the technology is proven and, given the government subsidies available, profitable.

It's just that, like with most renewable energies, the UK has been painstakingly slow on the uptake. In Germany, for example, there are thousands of similar plants.

Hot air

In essence, vast quantities of animal waste are mixed with lots of grass in a cylindrical tower - "basically a 3,000 tonne cow's stomach," says Mr Hart.

Bacteria then break down the mixture, producing methane, which is siphoned off, cleaned and filtered.

James Hart Mr Hart has bet heavily on the success of his new biogas plant

This gas is then used to power what is effectively a ?200,000 Mercedes truck engine, which in turn powers a generator, electricity from which is fed into the National Grid.

A by-product of the process is large quantities of fertiliser that remain in the tower once the bacteria have worked their magic.

The heat generated by the process is also captured and used for central heating at the farm house. It is, then, in renewable-energy speak, an efficient 'closed-loop' system.

And the benefits to the farm are both numerous and substantial.

For a start, Mr Hart expects to be able to sell the 2.2 million kilowatt hours of electricity generated each year - enough to power more than 175 homes - for about ?300,000.

Almost two-thirds of this money comes in the form of a green energy generation subsidy from the government - a perfectly standard arrangement for any new energy source, and one that will be reduced once plant costs come down.

On top of this, Mr Hart should save about ?30,000 in fuel bills for the farm, and of course pay no heating costs at home.

In addition, he expects to buy about 200 tonnes less fertiliser every year, saving another ?60,000.

And what's more, the process even removes almost all the smell coming from the manure.

Harmful gases

But it's not just Mr Hart's business that benefits from the plant.

The plant control centre The hi-tech biogas plant requires more than 3km (1.8 miles) of wiring to run

Methane is about 20 times worse than carbon dioxide in trapping heat in the atmosphere and so is widely recognised as one of the more potent greenhouse gases.

By capturing the methane produced by the waste generated by his 4,000 pigs, 100 cows and 100,000 chickens, Mr Hart expects to reduce his equivalent carbon footprint by about 10,000 tonnes a year. That's the equivalent of almost 9,000 return flights from London to New York.

He is also using far less fertiliser, which can be fairly carbon intensive to manufacture.

Hard times

In theory, then, the biogas plant could give Glebe Farm a much-needed new lease of life.

Mercedes engine driving the generator A standard truck engine adapted to run on gas runs the electricity generator

Mr Hart's father took on the farm in 1969 and was able to make a good living, but his son has found life much harder.

The price he receives for his pigs from the supermarkets is the same now as it was 15 years ago, and was significantly lower for much of the past decade.

With the cost of raw materials and labour, not to mention the price of bacon and pork in the shops, increasing significantly over this time, margins have been slashed.

Mr Hart needed to take drastic action to keep the family business going.

"I needed to find another source of income and I wanted to improve my environmental impact," he says.

He and Mr Iles considered wind turbines and solar panels, but soon realised planning permission would be tricky. Nor were they convinced either would produce enough power.

Biogas plant on screen Farming has moved a long way from the more traditional manual-labour intensive tasks

Biogas generated from pig poo seemed the perfect answer - a "win win solution where we could extract an income from something we already had," says Mr Hart.

Getting planning permission was easy, but finding the necessary cash proved a great deal harder. "We had nothing but a very large overdraft," Mr Hart explains.

Despite a ?300,000 grant from the Rural Development Programme for England and a payback of just four to five years, Lloyds was the only bank prepared to stump up the extra ?900,000 needed to buy and fit the entire plant from low carbon energy firm Alfagy.

Beating targets

It may have been running for just three months, but, barring any unforeseen major maintenance costs, the early signs are good.

"We are ahead of schedule and have already hit our September bank targets," says Mr Hart.

A pig Mr Hart hopes to use the profits from the biogas plant to upgrade his pig pens

In other words, the farm is back in business. There are no guarantees, but Mr Hart says that until such time as the supermarkets pay a fair price for his pigs, he will continue to rely on the revenue generated from his animals' waste, not just to support his family and those of his workers, but also to maintain his pigs.

"I'm not an environmentalist, I'm just a farmer who wants to be as green as he can be," he says.

"As farmers, we are always thinking of the next 30 to 40 years and we [at Glebe] are now fully committed for the next half a generation.

"We are custodians of the land and are just trying to leave it in a better condition than we found it."

Thanks to the biogas plant and of course his pigs that feed it, Mr Hart and his sons may now be in business long enough to do just that.


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Wednesday, June 29, 2011

France to boost nuclear funding

27 June 2011 Last updated at 12:05 GMT Fessenheim nuclear plant, France, 14 Mar 11 Anti-nuclear groups have urged France to close Fessenheim - its oldest atomic plant France will invest 1bn euros (?0.8bn) in nuclear power despite warnings after the Fukushima disaster in Japan, President Nicolas Sarkozy says.

The new investment will include a boost for research into nuclear safety.

The French nuclear giant Areva is developing the fourth generation of reactors. France gets 80% of its electricity from nuclear power.

Earlier this year neighbouring Germany, Switzerland and Italy voted against nuclear power, following Fukushima.

The BBC's Christian Fraser in Paris says that as president of the G8 and G20 industrial groups, Mr Sarkozy has been pushing for an international standard on nuclear safety.

"We are going to devote a billion euros to the nuclear programme of the future, particularly fourth-generation technology," Mr Sarkozy told a news conference.

"We are also going to release substantial resources from the big loan to strengthen research in the sphere of nuclear safety."

He stressed his government was still investing "massively" in renewable energy. He announced 1.35bn euros of investment for that sector.

But our correspondent says it is obvious how important nuclear power is to the French economy and its energy security.

The Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear plant's cooling systems were knocked out by the 11 March earthquake and tsunami in Japan. The disaster caused a meltdown at three of the reactors and the plant is still leaking radiation.


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Friday, June 24, 2011

Big cash boost for 'European GPS'

22 June 2011 Last updated at 14:51 GMT By Jonathan Amos Science correspondent, BBC News, Paris Galileo satellite (Esa) The first Galileo satellites will be launched in October Sufficient savings have been found in Europe's Galileo sat-nav project for at least six additional spacecraft to be bought for the system before 2014.

The European Commission says it has about 500m euros (?440m) "in its pocket" which it will use to make the extra purchase.

It would take Europe's version of GPS from 18 operational satellites in the next few years to 24.

This should make a big difference to Galileo's performance.

It should also hasten the eventual completion date.

The announcement was made at the Paris Air Show by European Commission Vice President Antonio Tajani, who has overall responsibility in Brussels for the flagship EU space project.

"It is possible to reduce not only the cost but also the timing," he said. "And by reducing the timing, we reduce the cost. This is a very good cocktail - cost and timing together."

Mr Tajani was at Le Bourget aerodrome to sign the last two industrial contracts needed to make Europe's satellite-navigation venture a reality.

The combined valued of these two agreements is 355m euros. They are both concerned with ground operations.

One (281m euros) is with Thales Alenia Space of France, who will be tasked with looking after Galileo's timing and navigation data, ensuring it is properly formatted for transmission by the satellites.

The other contract (73.5m euros) is going to Astrium-UK. Their work will ensure the good "housekeeping" of the satellites, including the maintenance and correct positioning of the spacecraft in orbit.

But it was the news that Mr Tajani had managed to find major economies in the project that dominated discussions at Le Bourget.

Continue reading the main story Galileo constellation (Esa) A project of the European Commission and the European Space AgencySome 30 satellites are likely to be launched in batches in the coming yearsGalileo will work alongside the US GPS and the Russian Glonass sat-nav systemsEurope's system promises real-time positioning down to less than a metreThe much-delayed Galileo initiative has been under constant fire from critics for its cost.

EU member states had already committed 3.4bn euros to get 18 satellites into orbit by the end of 2014, and were told recently they might have to find a further 1.9bn to get a completed "constellation" of 30 satellites later in the decade.

The British government in particular has vociferously argued against any further funding, even though UK national companies are likely to be among the main beneficiaries.

London will be delighted to hear that Mr Tajani has now been able to rein in expected future expenditure.

Mr Tajani told the Paris Air Show event that the savings were thanks to the extra efforts made by industry to curb costs and from an improvement in the management of project resources as a whole. Of the 500m in reserve, and after other commitments are taken out, the EC VP believes he will have about 300m available to spend.

The timing is critical. It means Mr Tajani has cash available before the next EU budget, or Financial Perspective, to purchase more satellites.

The first two Galileo spacecraft are due to go into orbit in October, launched on a Russian Soyuz rocket from French Guiana. They will be followed by a further pair in 2012.

Another 14 are under construction, with the last satellite in this series due to roll off the production line in mid-2014. That would make 18 in total in orbit by 2015.

But Mr Tajani now has it within his power to maintain the pace of construction, either by asking the current contractor (OHB-System of Germany) to continue its production run, or by turning to the back-up supplier (Astrium) to produce the additional satellites in parallel.

Antonio Tajani Mr Tajani should not now have to ask for the entire 1.9bn euros in the next EU budget

Six additional satellites, making a total of 24, would take Galileo very close to full capability.

It assumes of course that sufficient rockets can be found to launch the extra satellites; and that there are no launch failures or malfunctions in the spacecraft themselves once they arrive in orbit. Were these problems to arise, the newly found budget opportunity could rapidly evaporate.

But if events go Mr Tajani's way the 24 satellites could be in orbit by 2015/16.

The savings mean also that EU member states will be asked for less money for Galileo in the next Financial Perspective.

Galileo is expected to improve substantially the availability and accuracy of timing signals delivered from space.

Its next-generation technologies should enable users to get quicker, more reliable fixes and be able to locate their positions with an error of one metre, compared with the current GPS error of several metres.

There ought to be particular benefits too in those locations where GPS signals currently struggle to penetrate, such as in high-rise cities.

With Galileo working alongside the American system, the performance improvements should see sat-nav work well in even the deepest of "urban canyons".

Soon, the majority of mobile phones will incorporate sat-nav as standard, and many new businesses are likely to spring up around the use of location and timing data on the move.

Colin Paynter, the MD of Astrium-UK, said it was time everyone, including the British government, got fully behind Galileo because of the opportunities it offered.

"We need to do more to get the downstream applications market excited in the UK," he told BBC News.

"Over the next year, while we at Astrium work on the delivery of the infrastructure, the government and industry needs to get out there and promote Galileo. There will be big revenues to be had by British companies in the future."

Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk


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Wednesday, May 18, 2011

Plant clinics boost food security

17 May 2011 Last updated at 03:32 GMT By Mark Kinver Science and environment reporter, BBC News Plant clinic, Vietnam (Image: Cabi) A network of clinics will offer an early warning of potential outbreaks of plant pests and diseases A "plant clinic" scheme to improve food security in developing nations has received a ?6.8m boost from the UK and Swiss governments.

The clinics, similar to human doctors' surgeries, offer local farmers advice on how to treat pests and diseases.

Organisers hope to collate data from front-line "plant doctors" in order to provide an early warning system.

It is hoped that more than 400 clinics will be established in 40 countries over the next five years.

Trevor Nicholls, CEO of Cabi (Centre for Agriculture Bioscience International) - a not-for-profit science body - said the investment of ?1m from the UK government and ?5.8m from Swiss ministers was a "significant endorsement for the initiative".

Dr Nicholls said the "plant clinics" operated in a similar way to doctors' surgeries in human health.

"So far, there has not been a service like that or plants, but that is what we are looking to do," he explained.

"The farmers come to the plant doctors with whatever problem they are experiencing in their crops. As a result of that, it is very much more responsive to what is causing trouble for the farmers at that particular point.

"The clinic goes back to the same place week in and week out so it is a regular fixture that the farmers know that they go to."

Early warning system

Dr Nicholls said that, at present, there were clinics operating in 15 countries across Africa, Asia and Latin America.

"Each clinic, over time, serves a huge number of farmers in the local area. We find that farmers are travelling anything up to 50 miles to attend these clinics, so certainly the advice the "doctors" are giving seem to be highly valued."

The clinics will operate as part of a "Plantwise knowledge bank", which is set to begin in June and act as a bio-security early warning system.

"In exactly the same way that a GP might pick up the first signs of an outbreak of bird flu etc, so the plant doctors can be there on the ground to pick up the first signs of a new pest, or something that has not been picked up previously," Dr Nicholls explained.

"The knowledge bank will be a valuable tool for plant doctors within a country to communicate with each other. Often, countries do not have the resources to set up a website so we are fufilling that function by allowing one person to to see what another person is doing in another part of the country.

"If you begin to see the spread of a pest, you can begin to ask questions about how it correlates to weather patterns, trade or people movements etc.

"This means that you might be able to identify areas that are at risk in the future, allowing you to take preventative measures."


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